“Global warming is so complex, it appears some people are ready to be persuaded by whether their own day is warmer or cooler than usual, rather than think about whether the entire world is becoming warmer or cooler,” said lead author Ye Li, a postdoctoral researcher at the Columbia Business School’s Center for Decision Sciences, which is aligned with CRED. “It is striking that society has spent so much money, time and effort educating people about this issue, yet people are still so easily influenced.” The study says that “these results join a growing body of work show that irrelevant environmental information, such as the current weather, can affect judgments. … By way of analogy, when asked about the state of the national economy, someone might look at the amount of money in his or her wallet, a factor with only trivial relevance.”確かめれたのは因果関係ではなく、相関関係だが、興味深い。
CRED(Columbia UniversityのCenter for Research on Environmental Decisions)と連携している、主筆者であるColumbia Business SchoolのCenter for Decision Sciencesのポスドク研究者Ye Liは言う。「地球温暖化は複雑なので、地球全体が温暖化あるいは寒冷化しているか考えるより、その日がいつもより温暖か寒冷かで考えを変える人々がいる。社会がお金と時間を労力をかけて、この問題について人々を教育しているのに、人々はあまりに簡単に影響されてしまうことは、衝撃的である。」
論文には次のように書かれている。「これらの研究と多くの成果は、今日の天候のような無関係な環境情報に判断が影響されてしまうことを示している。これをアナロジーで言うなら、国家経済の状況を問われて、瑣末的な関係しかない、自分の財布の中身を見て判断するようなものである。」
[Some People's Climate Beliefs Shift With Weather (2011/04/06) on The Earth Institute, Columbia University]
Ye Li, et al. 2011が調べた、「世論調査と調査時の気温、あるいは寄付金額とそのときの気温」の関係は以下の通り:
[Ye Li, et al. 2011 via Healthy Influence]
もちろん、当日の気温以外にも世論調査の回答と関係のある要素がある。
Ongoing studies by other researchers have already provided strong evidence that opinions on climate and other issues can hinge on factors unrelated to scientific observations. Most pointedly, repeated polls have shown that voters identifying themselves as political liberals or Democrats are far more likely to believe in human-influenced climate change than those who identify themselves as conservatives or Republicans. Women believe more than men, and younger people more than older ones. Other, yet-to-be published studies at four other universities have looked at the effects of actual temperature−either the natural one outside, or within a room manipulated by researchers−and show that real-time thermometer readings can affect people’s beliefs as well. These other studies involve researchers at New York University, Temple University, the University of Chicago and the University of California, Berkeley.支持政党と気候変動や進化論に対するかなえ方がリンクしているのはこれまでも示されてきた。
他の研究者による進行中の研究で、「気候やその他の問題について、科学的観察と無関係な要素によって意見が影響される」ことを示す強い証拠が示されている。繰り返し行われる世論調査で、リベラルあるいは民主党支持者だと回答した人は、保守あるいは共和党支持者だと回答した人よりも、人間の影響による地球温暖化が正しいと考える傾向が強い。男性よりも女性が、老人よりも若者が、そう考える。他の4つの大学での未発表の研究では、屋外の気温と研究者が操作する室内の気温の効果を調査し、リアルタイムの温度計の数値が、人々の考えに影響していることを示している。これらの研究にはNew York UniversityとTemple UniversityとUniversity of ChicagoとUCBの研究者が参加している。
[Some People's Climate Beliefs Shift With Weather (2011/04/06) on The Earth Institute, Columbia University]
しかし、今日の気温どころか、今の気温にも影響されるとは。
なお原論文のAbstractは...
[Ye Li, et al.: "Local Warming -- Daily Temperature Change Influences Belief in Global Warming, Psychological Science March 3, 2011 (doi: 10.1177/0956797611400913)]
Although people are quite aware of global warming, their beliefs about it may be malleable; specifically, their beliefs may be constructed in response to questions about global warming. Beliefs may reflect irrelevant but salient information, such as the current day’s temperature. This replacement of a more complex, less easily accessed judgment with a simple, more accessible one is known as attribute substitution. In three studies, we asked residents of the United States and Australia to report their opinions about global warming and whether the temperature on the day of the study was warmer or cooler than usual. Respondents who thought that day was warmer than usual believed more in and had greater concern about global warming than did respondents who thought that day was colder than usual. They also donated more money to a global-warming charity if they thought that day seemed warmer than usual. We used instrumental variable regression to rule out some alternative explanations.
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